In nonlinear static (pushover) methods of analysis as an alternative to time history analysis, the capacity curve of the structure is established with respect to the roof displacement. Disproportionate increases in the roof displacement and even outright reversals of the higher modes can distort the capacity curve of the equivalent single degree of freedom system in these kinds of method, including MPA. To overcome this problem, recently, “Energy-Based” the Modal Pushover Analysis (Energy-Based MPA) method has been introduced. In this method, the absorbed energy and/or the external work in the pushover analysis is considered. Accordingly, the assessment of the Energy-Based MPA method is important in the seismic analysis of asymmetrical and tall buildings. In this paper, the seismic demands of concrete structures with irregularity in elevation are determined, using Energy-Based MPA. For assessment of the presented technique, the results are compared with those from the Non-Linear Time History Analysis (NL-THA). Seven examples including a 2-D simulation of a 12-story building are modeled, using the Opensees Code. For each case, different types of irregularity, such as mass, geometry and variations due to the difference in elevation are considered. Story-drifts and floor-displacements are used as the main parameters for assessment of the results. Based on a study of the structural performance of the models, it has been made clear that different types of the above-mentioned irregularity in elevation do not have any significant effect on the Energy-Based MPA method. Consequently, this method can be considered as an accurate alternative technique for NL-THA, to fairly estimate the seismic demands of structures.

For an arbitrary graph G, the irregularity and total irregularity of G are defined as irr(G) = åuvÎE(G) |dG(u) − dG(v)| and irrt(G)=1/2åu,vÎv(g) |dG(u)− dG(v)|, respectively, where dG(u) is the degree of vertex u. In this paper, we characterize all connected Eulerian graphs with the second minimum irregularity, the second and third minimum total irregularity, respectively.

In Divans and versified works we face poems, particularly lyrics and odes, which Radif (or repeated words) in their opening verse is spread but from the second verse on, it becomes shorter so far as it ends in one word and vice versa. In other words, Radif is short in the opening verse but in subsequent verses it gets longer. There are other kinds of Radif which are clear in the opening verses but undergo changes in subsequent verses. Sometimes Radif in lyrics is only used in even verses and we can find verses in which Radif has been placed in Sadr (the beginning of the first line of a verse) instead of taking the place of Arooz (the end of the first line of a verse). In some cases, Radif and Rhyme are blended in a way that the last letter of rhyming word replaces the first letter of Radif.This does not seem to be coincidental; rather it can be said that this kind of application and escaping from the common traditions and rules used in poems is a kind of innovation and variety which has not been mentioned in the books dealing with rhyming. Enough evidence is presented to support the claim of the researcher.

Estimating seismic demands of structures has acquired renewed importance as a result of recent interests in performance-based seismic design. Consequently, in recent years, different equivalent nonlinear static analysis procedures have been developed to estimate structural seismic demands. However, just a few studies have been conducted to examine the accuracy and adequacy of these developed methods. Thus, it is necessary to conduct thorough investigations of these methods’,limitations, possible shortcomings, and their performance. In this paper, the accuracy of CSM-DAP method in comparison with FEMA356 method has been evaluated for estimating seismic demands of low-rise steel moment resisting frames with geometric irregularity in elevation. The CSM-DAP method is an equivalent displacement-based adaptive nonlinear static analysis method combined with the FEMA440 capacity spectrum method. The CSM-DAP and FEMA356 methods are used to analyze 44 five-story moment resisting frames subjected to 14 far-field earthquake ground motions and their results are compared with the results of nonlinear dynamic analyses. The selected sample includes wide range of geometric irregularities in elevation for low-rise structures. The estimated demand responses are namely roof displacement, inter-story drift ratio, and base shear. This study shows that considering the CSM-DAP computational effort, this method does not present significant advantages with respect to FEMA356 method at least for low-rise structures with geometric irregularity in elevation.

The purpose of this study is first to determine the conditions for excessive torsional irregularity and then to discuss the validity of code provisions. A parametric investigation is performed on six groups of typical structures with varying shear wall positions, story, and axis numbers. It is found that torsional irregularity coefficients increase as the story numbers decrease, i.e., maximum irregularity coefficients occur for single-story structures. They reach maximum values when the asymmetrical shear walls are placed as close as possible to the centers of mass. However, the results obtained for floor rotations are quite contradictory. A new provisional definition for torsional irregularity coefficient based on floor rotations is proposed.

Bell's degree-variance VarB for a graph G, with the degree sequence (d1; d2; : : :; dn) and size m, is de ned as V arB (G) =  di Pn i=1  2. In this paper, a new version of the irregularity measures of variance-type, denoted by V arq, is introduced and discussed. Based on a comparative study, it is demonstrated that the newly proposed irregularity measure V arq possess a better discrimination ability than the classical Bell's degree-variance in several cases.

This is a comparative cross – sectional prospective study with the aim of evaluation of prevalence and correlation between menstrual irregularity and PCO in postmenarcheal age. This evaluation has done in two groups of healthy adolescent girls 12-19 years old who admitted in shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital, IRIB Clinic and a private clinic. We compared 47 adolescent girls who had irregular menstruation (as study group) with 22 adolescent girls who had normal menses (as control group) We did abdominal ultrasonography (US) in both groups and evaluated US features of PCO on them .This research shows that PCO was seen to be more common in adolescent girls with menstrual irregularity (42/5% vs 13.6% , p<0.011) with a tendency to be more frequent in oligomenorrhea–amenorrhea group than in polymenorrhea (51.6%vs 25% P>0.08).We have also seen increased LH/FSH in 86.9% and abnormal androgens profiles in 69.5% in girls with PCO. These results suggest that US changes compatible with PCO is a frequent finding in adolescent girls with menstrual disturbance preferably in those with oligoamenorreha.

The design and construction of irregular buildings has always been the focus of attention due to the demand for a beautiful and unique structure. Furthermore, the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) has expanded due to the improvement of the behavior of RC structures in the last decade. The main advantages of using this alloy are its super-elasticity and the reversibility of inelastic displacements of the structure. In this paper, the behavior of reinforced concrete structures with SMA alloy in regular, torsional irregularity and extreme torsional irregularity are investigated. The effect of using this alloy has been shown using fragility curves in different degrees of irregularities than conventional concrete structures. In this regard, the effects of memory-shaped alloys as longitudinal reinforcement in short-order, intermediate, and high-order structures with three different arrangements of longitudinal reinforcements have been investigated. Different types of reinforcement arrangements are the case of full Steel, the case of SMA at the plastic region of the beams and steel reinforcement in other regions and finally the case of SMA reinforcement over the entire length of the beams. In all of the above cases, steel bars are used in columns for economic purposes. Then, several increasing nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) were performed under the influence of the 10 selected accelerometers, and maximum drift of each analysis was obtained and the fragility curves were calculated in accordance with the HAZUS instruction for each structural case. The results indicate that the presence of memory alloy in irregular buildings will reduce the damaging effects of irregularities, including maximum drift and residual drift of the structure. This result suggests that the use of SMA alloy in torsional irregular and extreme torsional irregular buildings can reduce the structural damage caused by a possible severe earthquake.

We provide a sufficient condition for strong (Arens) irregularity of certain bounded bilinear maps, which applies in particular to the adjoint of Banach module actions. We then apply our result to improve several known results concerning to the relation between Arens regularity of certain Banach module actions and reflexivity.